Dr Xiaoyun Si, Medical Ph.D. & M.D.
Chief physician, Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University (GMU)
AS we know from the previous issue, congenital heart disease (CHD) ranks among the most common infant and childhood congenital conditions, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. While some factors contributing to CHD remain beyond our control, there are proactive steps that expecting parents can take to potentially reduce the risk of this condition. In this article, we explore essential strategies for preventing congenital heart disease and promoting the health of newborns.
1. Prenatal Care: The Foundation of Prevention
One of the first lines of defense against congenital heart disease is comprehensive prenatal care. Regular check-ups with healthcare professionals during pregnancy allow for the early detection of potential risk factors. From ultrasounds to fetal echocardiograms, these screenings provide insights into the developing heart, enabling timely intervention if abnormalities are detected.
2. Genetic Counseling: Informed Decision-Making
For couples with a family history of congenital heart disease or known genetic factors, genetic counseling can be a valuable resource. Understanding the potential risks and exploring available options, including advanced prenatal screenings, empowers parents to make informed decisions about their child’s health.
3. Manage Chronic Conditions
Maternal health conditions can influence the risk of congenital heart disease in infants. Proper management of pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and autoimmune disorders can contribute to a healthier pregnancy and reduce the likelihood of heart-related complications in the developing fetus. Close collaboration between expecting mothers and healthcare providers is essential to monitor and address these concerns.
4. Avoiding potentially harmful substances.
Expectant mothers should steer clear of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs, as these substances can significantly elevate the risk of CHD. Before you need to take medicine, you should tell your health providers about your pregnant condition which will allow you have a safe medication plan as you are following their instructions.
5. Environmental Factors: A Consideration for Prevention
Environmental exposures can also impact the risk of congenital heart disease. Pregnant women should be mindful of their surroundings, avoiding contact with harmful chemicals and pollutants and Occupational hazards that involve exposure to toxins should be minimized, and protective measures, such as wearing masks and gloves, creating a smoke-free environment, should be employed when necessary.
6. Balanced Nutrition for Heart Health
A mother’s diet during pregnancy plays a pivotal role in fetal development, including the formation of the heart. Adequate intake of essential nutrients such as folic acid, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids is crucial. Folic acid, in particular, is known to significantly reduce the risk of certain congenital heart defects. Expecting mothers are advised to consult with healthcare providers to ensure they are meeting their nutritional requirements.
7. Support Networks: Emotional Well-being Matters
The emotional well-being of expecting mothers is interconnected with physical health. Reducing stress and seeking emotional support during pregnancy can positively influence fetal development. Supportive networks, whether through family, friends, or community groups, contribute to a healthier and more relaxed pregnancy.
In conclusion, while CHD cannot always be entirely prevented, proactive measures during pregnancy significantly contribute to reducing the risk of heart-related complications in newborns. Prenatal care, balanced nutrition, lifestyle choices, and environmental awareness collectively form a comprehensive approach to safeguarding the hearts of the next generation. By embracing these preventive strategies, we take vital steps toward ensuring the well-being of our littlest hearts.
（Translated by HUANG BAILIN, International Office, Guizhou Medical University）
